python爬取网页内容转换为PDF文件

本文实例为大家分享了python爬取网页内容转换为PDF的具体代码，供大家参考，具体内容如下

将廖雪峰的学习教程转换成PDF文件，代码只适合该网站，如果需要其他网站的教程，可靠需要进行稍微的修改。

# coding=utf-8
import os
import re
import time
import pdfkit
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from PyPDF2 import PdfFileMerger
import sys
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf8')

html_template = """
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
</head>
<body>
{content}
</body>
</html> 

""" 

#----------------------------------------------------------------------
def parse_url_to_html(url, name):
  """
  解析URL，返回HTML内容
  :param url:解析的url
  :param name: 保存的html文件名
  :return: html
  """
  try:
    response = requests.get(url)
    soup = BeautifulSoup(response.content, 'html.parser')
    # 正文
    body = soup.find_all(class_="x-wiki-content")[0]
    # 标题
    title = soup.find('h4').get_text() 

    # 标题加入到正文的最前面，居中显示
    center_tag = soup.new_tag("center")
    title_tag = soup.new_tag('h1')
    title_tag.string = title
    center_tag.insert(1, title_tag)
    body.insert(1, center_tag)
    html = str(body)
    # body中的img标签的src相对路径的改成绝对路径
    pattern = "(<img .*?src=\")(.*?)(\")" 

    def func(m):
      if not m.group(3).startswith("http"):
        rtn = m.group(1) + "http://www.liaoxuefeng.com" + m.group(2) + m.group(3)
        return rtn
      else:
        return m.group(1)+m.group(2)+m.group(3)
    html = re.compile(pattern).sub(func, html)
    html = html_template.format(content=html)
    html = html.encode("utf-8")
    with open(name, 'wb') as f:
      f.write(html)
    return name 

  except Exception as e:
    print "解析错误！"

#----------------------------------------------------------------------
def get_url_list():
  """
  获取所有URL目录列表
  :return:
  """
  response = requests.get("http://www.liaoxuefeng.com/wiki/0014316089557264a6b348958f449949df42a6d3a2e542c000")
  soup = BeautifulSoup(response.content, "html.parser")
  menu_tag = soup.find_all(class_="uk-nav uk-nav-side")[1]
  urls = []
  for li in menu_tag.find_all("li"):
    url = "http://www.liaoxuefeng.com" + li.a.get('href')
    urls.append(url)
  return urls 

#----------------------------------------------------------------------
def save_pdf(htmls, file_name):
  """
  把所有html文件保存到pdf文件
  :param htmls: html文件列表
  :param file_name: pdf文件名
  :return:
  """
  options = {
    'page-size': 'Letter',
    'margin-top': '0.75in',
    'margin-right': '0.75in',
    'margin-bottom': '0.75in',
    'margin-left': '0.75in',
    'encoding': "UTF-8",
    'custom-header': [
      ('Accept-Encoding', 'gzip')
    ],
    'cookie': [
      ('cookie-name1', 'cookie-value1'),
      ('cookie-name2', 'cookie-value2'),
    ],
    'outline-depth': 10,
  }
  pdfkit.from_file(htmls, file_name, options=options) 

#----------------------------------------------------------------------
def main():
  start = time.time()
  file_name = u"liaoxuefeng_Python3_tutorial"
  urls = get_url_list()
  for index, url in enumerate(urls):
    parse_url_to_html(url, str(index) + ".html")
  htmls =[]
  pdfs =[]
  for i in range(0,124):
    htmls.append(str(i)+'.html')
    pdfs.append(file_name+str(i)+'.pdf') 

    save_pdf(str(i)+'.html', file_name+str(i)+'.pdf') 

    print u"转换完成第"+str(i)+'个html' 

  merger = PdfFileMerger()
  for pdf in pdfs:
    merger.append(open(pdf,'rb'))
    print u"合并完成第"+str(i)+'个pdf'+pdf 

  output = open(u"廖雪峰Python_all.pdf", "wb")
  merger.write(output) 

  print u"输出PDF成功！" 

  for html in htmls:
    os.remove(html)
    print u"删除临时文件"+html 

  for pdf in pdfs:
    os.remove(pdf)
    print u"删除临时文件"+pdf 

  total_time = time.time() - start
  print(u"总共耗时：%f 秒" % total_time)

#----------------------------------------------------------------------
def changeDir(dir_name):
  """
  目录切换
  """
  if not os.path.exists(dir_name):
    os.mkdir(dir_name)

  os.chdir(dir_name)
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
if __name__ == '__main__':
  #存放文件的路径
  dir_name = '/home/Python/Html'
  changeDir(dir_name)
  main() 

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