原生javascript实现拖动元素示例代码

本文介绍原生javascript实现元素拖动。

思路：

1.首先改变被拖动元素的布局属性，关键是“position:absolue”；

2.捕捉鼠标事件"mousedown","mousemove","mouseup"；

3.当触发"mousedown"时，记录下当前鼠标在元素中的相对位置，_x,_y；

4.紧接着处理"mousemove"事件，通过改变元素的top和left属性来移动元素；

5.当触发"mouseup"时间时，终止拖动。

同时，应考虑代码的封装性和浏览器的兼容性，代码如下：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>draggable div</title>
<style type="text/css">
body{
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
background-color: #fff;
} 

#drag_div{
width: 150px;
height: 150px;
padding: 10px;
margin: 10px;
background-color: #66dd33;
cursor: move;
}
</style>
</head>
</html>
<body>
<div id="drag_div"></div>
</body>
<script type="text/javascript"> 

function Drag () {
this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
} 

Drag.prototype = { 

// 初始化
initialize : function (element, options) { 

this.element = this.$(element); // 被拖动的对象
this._x = this._y = 0; // 鼠标在元素中的位置
this._moveDrag = this.bind(this, this.moveDrag);
this._stopDrag = this.bind(this, this.stopDrag); 

// 设置参数
this.setOptions(options); 

// 设置鼠标去“拖”的“柄”对象（注意与被拖动的对象区别）
this.handle = this.$(this.options.handle); 

// 设置回调函数
this.onStart = this.options.onStart;
this.onMove = this.options.onMove;
this.onStop = this.options.onStop; 

this.handle.style.cursor = "move"; 

this.changeLayout(); 

// 注册开始拖动事件
this.addHandler(this.handle, "mousedown", this.bind(this, this.startDrag));
}, 

// 改变被拖动对象的布局属性
changeLayout: function () {
this.element.style.top = this.element.offsetTop + "px";
this.element.style.left = this.element.offsetLeft + "px";
this.element.style.position = "absolute";
this.element.style.margin = "0";
}, 

startDrag : function (event) {
var event = event || window.event; 

this._x = event.clientX - this.element.offsetLeft;
this._y = event.clientY - this.element.offsetTop; 

this.addHandler(document, "mousemove", this._moveDrag);
this.addHandler(document, "mouseup", this._stopDrag); 

this.preventDefault(event); 

this.handle.setCapture && this.handle.setCapture(); 

this.onStart();
},
moveDrag : function (event) {
var event = this.getEvent(event); 

var iTop = event.clientY - this._y;
var iLeft = event.clientX - this._x; 

this.element.style.top = iTop + "px";
this.element.style.left = iLeft + "px"; 

this.onMove();
},
stopDrag : function () { 

this.removeHandler(document, "mousemove", this._moveDrag);
this.removeHandler(document, "mouseup", this._stopDrag);
this.handle.releaseCapture && this.handle.releaseCapture(); 

this.onStop() 

},
setOptions : function (options) {
this.options = {
handle: this.element, //事件对象
onStart : function () {}, // 开始时回调函数
onMove : function(){}, // 拖拽时回调函数
onStop : function(){} // 停止时回调函数
};
for(var p in options){
this.options[p] = options[p];
}
},
$ : function (id) {
return typeof id === "string" ? document.getElementById(id):id;
},
addHandler : function (element, eventType, handler) {
if(element.addEventListener){
return element.addEventListener(eventType, handler, false);
}else{
return element.attachEvent("on"+eventType, handler);
}
},
removeHandler : function (element, eventType, handler) {
if(element.removeEventListener){
return element.removeEventListener(eventType, handler, false);
}else{
return element.detachEvent("on" + eventType, handler);
}
},
getEvent: function (event) {
return event || window.event;
},
preventDefault: function (event) {
if(event.preventDefault){
event.preventDefault();
}else{
event.returnValue = false;
}
},
bind : function (obj, handler) {
return function () {
return handler.apply(obj, arguments);
}
}
}; 

window.onload = function () {
var drag_div = document.getElementById("drag_div"); 

var drag = new Drag(drag_div, {handle: drag_div});
} 

</script>
</html>