Docker网络原理及自定义网络详细解析
Docker在宿主机上虚拟了一个网桥，当创建并启动容器的时候，每一个容器默认都会被分配一个跟网桥网段一致的ip，网桥作为容器的网关，网桥与每一个容器联通，容器间通过网桥可以通信。由于网桥是虚拟出来的，外网无法进行寻址，也就是默认外网无法访问容器，需要在创建启动容器时把宿主机的端口与容器端口进行映射，通过宿主机IP端口访问容器。这是Docker默认的网络，它有一个弊端是只能通过IP让容器互相访问，如果想使用容器名称或容器ID互相访问需要在创建启动容器时候用link的方式修改hosts文件实现。一般使用自定义网络，自定义网络使用network创建，创建时可以指定子网网段及网关等信息，在创建并启动容器时指定使用的网络。这样在一个自定义网络里的所有容器可以直接使用容器名进行访问，如果一个容器想要访问其他网络中的容器也可以在network中进行设置，这样这个容器与目标网络的容器可以使用容器名通信。
1 默认网络docker0
用vm虚拟机测试，未启动docker 系统中有两个网络（回环网络、虚拟机网络）
当启动docker服务后，宿主机多出一个网络docker0 这就是docker默认网络
# 启动docker服务 [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start docker
启动一个tomcat容器，会发现宿主机又多出一个网络
启动tomcat [root@localhost ~]# docker run -d -P --name tomcat1 tomcat
再启动一个tomcat，会发展宿主机又多出一个网络
# 启动tomcat [root@localhost ~]# docker run -d -P --name tomcat2 tomcat
测试两个tomcat网络ip是通的
# 查看tomcat的ip地址
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it tomcat2 ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
9: eth0@if10: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default
link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:03 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
inet 172.17.0.3/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
# 在tomcat1 ping tomcat2的ip
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it tomcat1 ping 172.17.0.3
PING 172.17.0.3 (172.17.0.3) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.17.0.3: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.146 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.0.3: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.067 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.0.3: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.088 ms
^C
--- 172.17.0.3 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 5ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.067/0.100/0.146/0.034 ms
在tomcat1里ping tomcat2的 容器名无法ping通
# 在tomcat1里ping tomcat2的容器名 [root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it tomcat1 ping tomcat2 ^C[root@localhost ~]#
停止tomcat1 重新创建启动tomcat 使用link 会在底层修改tomcat1 的hosts文件 实现容器名作为ip域名从而tomcat1到tomcat2的单向ping通
# 删除tomcat1
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm -f tomcat1
tomcat1
# 查看run的帮助文档 link用法
[root@localhost ~]# docker run --help
Usage: docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
Run a command in a new container
Options:
--add-host list Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip)
-a, --attach list Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR
--blkio-weight uint16 Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and 1000, or 0 to disable (default 0)
--blkio-weight-device list Block IO weight (relative device weight) (default [])
--cap-add list Add Linux capabilities
--cap-drop list Drop Linux capabilities
--cgroup-parent string Optional parent cgroup for the container
--cgroupns string Cgroup namespace to use (host|private)
'host': Run the container in the Docker host's cgroup namespace
'private': Run the container in its own private cgroup namespace
'': Use the cgroup namespace as configured by the
default-cgroupns-mode option on the daemon (default)
--cidfile string Write the container ID to the file
--cpu-period int Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period
--cpu-quota int Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota
--cpu-rt-period int Limit CPU real-time period in microseconds
--cpu-rt-runtime int Limit CPU real-time runtime in microseconds
-c, --cpu-shares int CPU shares (relative weight)
--cpus decimal Number of CPUs
--cpuset-cpus string CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
--cpuset-mems string MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
-d, --detach Run container in background and print container ID
--detach-keys string Override the key sequence for detaching a container
--device list Add a host device to the container
--device-cgroup-rule list Add a rule to the cgroup allowed devices list
--device-read-bps list Limit read rate (bytes per second) from a device (default [])
--device-read-iops list Limit read rate (IO per second) from a device (default [])
--device-write-bps list Limit write rate (bytes per second) to a device (default [])
--device-write-iops list Limit write rate (IO per second) to a device (default [])
--disable-content-trust Skip image verification (default true)
--dns list Set custom DNS servers
--dns-option list Set DNS options
--dns-search list Set custom DNS search domains
--domainname string Container NIS domain name
--entrypoint string Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image
-e, --env list Set environment variables
--env-file list Read in a file of environment variables
--expose list Expose a port or a range of ports
--gpus gpu-request GPU devices to add to the container ('all' to pass all GPUs)
--group-add list Add additional groups to join
--health-cmd string Command to run to check health
--health-interval duration Time between running the check (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
--health-retries int Consecutive failures needed to report unhealthy
--health-start-period duration Start period for the container to initialize before starting health-retries countdown
(ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
--health-timeout duration Maximum time to allow one check to run (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
--help Print usage
-h, --hostname string Container host name
--init Run an init inside the container that forwards signals and reaps processes
-i, --interactive Keep STDIN open even if not attached
--ip string IPv4 address (e.g., 172.30.100.104)
--ip6 string IPv6 address (e.g., 2001:db8::33)
--ipc string IPC mode to use
--isolation string Container isolation technology
--kernel-memory bytes Kernel memory limit
-l, --label list Set meta data on a container
--label-file list Read in a line delimited file of labels
--link list Add link to another container
--link-local-ip list Container IPv4/IPv6 link-local addresses
--log-driver string Logging driver for the container
--log-opt list Log driver options
--mac-address string Container MAC address (e.g., 92:d0:c6:0a:29:33)
-m, --memory bytes Memory limit
--memory-reservation bytes Memory soft limit
--memory-swap bytes Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to enable unlimited swap
--memory-swappiness int Tune container memory swappiness (0 to 100) (default -1)
--mount mount Attach a filesystem mount to the container
--name string Assign a name to the container
--network network Connect a container to a network
--network-alias list Add network-scoped alias for the container
--no-healthcheck Disable any container-specified HEALTHCHECK
--oom-kill-disable Disable OOM Killer
--oom-score-adj int Tune host's OOM preferences (-1000 to 1000)
--pid string PID namespace to use
--pids-limit int Tune container pids limit (set -1 for unlimited)
--platform string Set platform if server is multi-platform capable
--privileged Give extended privileges to this container
-p, --publish list Publish a container's port(s) to the host
-P, --publish-all Publish all exposed ports to random ports
--pull string Pull image before running ("always"|"missing"|"never") (default "missing")
--read-only Mount the container's root filesystem as read only
--restart string Restart policy to apply when a container exits (default "no")
--rm Automatically remove the container when it exits
--runtime string Runtime to use for this container
--security-opt list Security Options
--shm-size bytes Size of /dev/shm
--sig-proxy Proxy received signals to the process (default true)
--stop-signal string Signal to stop a container (default "SIGTERM")
--stop-timeout int Timeout (in seconds) to stop a container
--storage-opt list Storage driver options for the container
--sysctl map Sysctl options (default map[])
--tmpfs list Mount a tmpfs directory
-t, --tty Allocate a pseudo-TTY
--ulimit ulimit Ulimit options (default [])
-u, --user string Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])
--userns string User namespace to use
--uts string UTS namespace to use
-v, --volume list Bind mount a volume
--volume-driver string Optional volume driver for the container
--volumes-from list Mount volumes from the specified container(s)
-w, --workdir string Working directory inside the container
# 启动tomcat1 link指定要访问的容器名
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d -P --name tomcat1 --link tomcat2 tomcat
f78c51961662a1d3558fc8d0d95906b902a7a042f251a60858e72bcfa62e7a08
# 测试ping
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it tomcat1 ping tomcat2
PING tomcat2 (172.17.0.3) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from tomcat2 (172.17.0.3): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.088 ms
64 bytes from tomcat2 (172.17.0.3): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.071 ms
64 bytes from tomcat2 (172.17.0.3): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.071 ms
^C
--- tomcat2 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 1000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.071/0.076/0.088/0.012 ms
# 查看tomcat1的hosts已经加入了tomcat2的域名
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it tomcat1 cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
172.17.0.3 tomcat2 27766c324de6
172.17.0.2 f78c51961662
# tomcat2无法ping通tomcat1
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it tomcat2 ping tomcat1
^C[root@localhost ~]#
2 自定义网络
需要用到network命令
# 查看帮助文档 [root@localhost ~]# docker network --help Usage: docker network COMMAND Manage networks Commands: connect Connect a container to a network create Create a network disconnect Disconnect a container from a network inspect Display detailed information on one or more networks ls List networks prune Remove all unused networks rm Remove one or more networks Run 'docker network COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.
列出当前的docker网络 bridge为 默认网络docker0
[root@localhost ~]# docker network ls NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE 9b27ff0926bf bridge bridge local 8dfa2efae677 host host local 2025b7fb1d7c none null local
创建网络mynet
[root@localhost ~]# docker network create --help
Usage: docker network create [OPTIONS] NETWORK
Create a network
Options:
--attachable Enable manual container attachment
--aux-address map Auxiliary IPv4 or IPv6 addresses used by Network driver (default map[])
--config-from string The network from which to copy the configuration
--config-only Create a configuration only network
-d, --driver string Driver to manage the Network (default "bridge")
--gateway strings IPv4 or IPv6 Gateway for the master subnet
--ingress Create swarm routing-mesh network
--internal Restrict external access to the network
--ip-range strings Allocate container ip from a sub-range
--ipam-driver string IP Address Management Driver (default "default")
--ipam-opt map Set IPAM driver specific options (default map[])
--ipv6 Enable IPv6 networking
--label list Set metadata on a network
-o, --opt map Set driver specific options (default map[])
--scope string Control the network's scope
--subnet strings Subnet in CIDR format that represents a network segment
[root@localhost ~]# docker network create --driver bridge --subnet 192.168.0.0/16 --gateway 192.168.0.1 mynet
1abaa8e6a387bc8bbc7ac50d9f2289e96a143a92f074e90f698bd70411c86672
[root@localhost ~]# docker network inspect mynet
[
{
"Name": "mynet",
"Id": "1abaa8e6a387bc8bbc7ac50d9f2289e96a143a92f074e90f698bd70411c86672",
"Created": "2021-05-13T11:21:13.494039122+08:00",
"Scope": "local",
"Driver": "bridge",
"EnableIPv6": false,
"IPAM": {
"Driver": "default",
"Options": {},
"Config": [
{
"Subnet": "192.168.0.0/16",
"Gateway": "192.168.0.1"
}
]
},
"Internal": false,
"Attachable": false,
"Ingress": false,
"ConfigFrom": {
"Network": ""
},
"ConfigOnly": false,
"Containers": {},
"Options": {},
"Labels": {}
}
]
使用mynet创建启动两个tomcat,他们可以直接通过容器名称双向互相ping通
[root@localhost ~]# docker run --help
Usage: docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
Run a command in a new container
Options:
--add-host list Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip)
-a, --attach list Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR
--blkio-weight uint16 Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and 1000, or 0 to disable (default 0)
--blkio-weight-device list Block IO weight (relative device weight) (default [])
--cap-add list Add Linux capabilities
--cap-drop list Drop Linux capabilities
--cgroup-parent string Optional parent cgroup for the container
--cgroupns string Cgroup namespace to use (host|private)
'host': Run the container in the Docker host's cgroup namespace
'private': Run the container in its own private cgroup namespace
'': Use the cgroup namespace as configured by the
default-cgroupns-mode option on the daemon (default)
--cidfile string Write the container ID to the file
--cpu-period int Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period
--cpu-quota int Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota
--cpu-rt-period int Limit CPU real-time period in microseconds
--cpu-rt-runtime int Limit CPU real-time runtime in microseconds
-c, --cpu-shares int CPU shares (relative weight)
--cpus decimal Number of CPUs
--cpuset-cpus string CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
--cpuset-mems string MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
-d, --detach Run container in background and print container ID
--detach-keys string Override the key sequence for detaching a container
--device list Add a host device to the container
--device-cgroup-rule list Add a rule to the cgroup allowed devices list
--device-read-bps list Limit read rate (bytes per second) from a device (default [])
--device-read-iops list Limit read rate (IO per second) from a device (default [])
--device-write-bps list Limit write rate (bytes per second) to a device (default [])
--device-write-iops list Limit write rate (IO per second) to a device (default [])
--disable-content-trust Skip image verification (default true)
--dns list Set custom DNS servers
--dns-option list Set DNS options
--dns-search list Set custom DNS search domains
--domainname string Container NIS domain name
--entrypoint string Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image
-e, --env list Set environment variables
--env-file list Read in a file of environment variables
--expose list Expose a port or a range of ports
--gpus gpu-request GPU devices to add to the container ('all' to pass all GPUs)
--group-add list Add additional groups to join
--health-cmd string Command to run to check health
--health-interval duration Time between running the check (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
--health-retries int Consecutive failures needed to report unhealthy
--health-start-period duration Start period for the container to initialize before starting health-retries countdown
(ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
--health-timeout duration Maximum time to allow one check to run (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
--help Print usage
-h, --hostname string Container host name
--init Run an init inside the container that forwards signals and reaps processes
-i, --interactive Keep STDIN open even if not attached
--ip string IPv4 address (e.g., 172.30.100.104)
--ip6 string IPv6 address (e.g., 2001:db8::33)
--ipc string IPC mode to use
--isolation string Container isolation technology
--kernel-memory bytes Kernel memory limit
-l, --label list Set meta data on a container
--label-file list Read in a line delimited file of labels
--link list Add link to another container
--link-local-ip list Container IPv4/IPv6 link-local addresses
--log-driver string Logging driver for the container
--log-opt list Log driver options
--mac-address string Container MAC address (e.g., 92:d0:c6:0a:29:33)
-m, --memory bytes Memory limit
--memory-reservation bytes Memory soft limit
--memory-swap bytes Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to enable unlimited swap
--memory-swappiness int Tune container memory swappiness (0 to 100) (default -1)
--mount mount Attach a filesystem mount to the container
--name string Assign a name to the container
--network network Connect a container to a network
--network-alias list Add network-scoped alias for the container
--no-healthcheck Disable any container-specified HEALTHCHECK
--oom-kill-disable Disable OOM Killer
--oom-score-adj int Tune host's OOM preferences (-1000 to 1000)
--pid string PID namespace to use
--pids-limit int Tune container pids limit (set -1 for unlimited)
--platform string Set platform if server is multi-platform capable
--privileged Give extended privileges to this container
-p, --publish list Publish a container's port(s) to the host
-P, --publish-all Publish all exposed ports to random ports
--pull string Pull image before running ("always"|"missing"|"never") (default "missing")
--read-only Mount the container's root filesystem as read only
--restart string Restart policy to apply when a container exits (default "no")
--rm Automatically remove the container when it exits
--runtime string Runtime to use for this container
--security-opt list Security Options
--shm-size bytes Size of /dev/shm
--sig-proxy Proxy received signals to the process (default true)
--stop-signal string Signal to stop a container (default "SIGTERM")
--stop-timeout int Timeout (in seconds) to stop a container
--storage-opt list Storage driver options for the container
--sysctl map Sysctl options (default map[])
--tmpfs list Mount a tmpfs directory
-t, --tty Allocate a pseudo-TTY
--ulimit ulimit Ulimit options (default [])
-u, --user string Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])
--userns string User namespace to use
--uts string UTS namespace to use
-v, --volume list Bind mount a volume
--volume-driver string Optional volume driver for the container
--volumes-from list Mount volumes from the specified container(s)
-w, --workdir string Working directory inside the container
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d -P --name tomcat-n-1 --network mynet tomcat
404e4e63622b207af2ed534e768996f4d1cba4c798bba9e5d9b33c42711eaa4a
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d -P --name tomcat-n-2 --network mynet tomcat
f6352fb3db01beed6ddf17ef84999a4ab209f026a6137b3bc7e35335d434785f
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f6352fb3db01 tomcat "catalina.sh run" 3 seconds ago Up 2 seconds 0.0.0.0:49159->8080/tcp, :::49159->8080/tcp tomcat-n-2
404e4e63622b tomcat "catalina.sh run" 10 seconds ago Up 9 seconds 0.0.0.0:49158->8080/tcp, :::49158->8080/tcp tomcat-n-1
f78c51961662 tomcat "catalina.sh run" 15 minutes ago Up 15 minutes 0.0.0.0:49157->8080/tcp, :::49157->8080/tcp tomcat1
27766c324de6 tomcat "catalina.sh run" 16 minutes ago Up 16 minutes 0.0.0.0:49156->8080/tcp, :::49156->8080/tcp tomcat2
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it tomcat-n-1 ping tomcat-n-2
PING tomcat-n-2 (192.168.0.3) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from tomcat-n-2.mynet (192.168.0.3): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.102 ms
64 bytes from tomcat-n-2.mynet (192.168.0.3): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.069 ms
64 bytes from tomcat-n-2.mynet (192.168.0.3): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.164 ms
^C
--- tomcat-n-2 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 3ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.069/0.111/0.164/0.041 ms
查看mynet网络的详细信息，包含了启动的两个tomcat容器的网络信息
[root@localhost ~]# docker network inspect mynet
[
{
"Name": "mynet",
"Id": "1abaa8e6a387bc8bbc7ac50d9f2289e96a143a92f074e90f698bd70411c86672",
"Created": "2021-05-13T11:21:13.494039122+08:00",
"Scope": "local",
"Driver": "bridge",
"EnableIPv6": false,
"IPAM": {
"Driver": "default",
"Options": {},
"Config": [
{
"Subnet": "192.168.0.0/16",
"Gateway": "192.168.0.1"
}
]
},
"Internal": false,
"Attachable": false,
"Ingress": false,
"ConfigFrom": {
"Network": ""
},
"ConfigOnly": false,
"Containers": {
"404e4e63622b207af2ed534e768996f4d1cba4c798bba9e5d9b33c42711eaa4a": {
"Name": "tomcat-n-1",
"EndpointID": "b9efbd78daabe9345ade2a2e55291b7646d01679516e2f0be1efd5c2d6fea6b8",
"MacAddress": "02:42:c0:a8:00:02",
"IPv4Address": "192.168.0.2/16",
"IPv6Address": ""
},
"f6352fb3db01beed6ddf17ef84999a4ab209f026a6137b3bc7e35335d434785f": {
"Name": "tomcat-n-2",
"EndpointID": "6b05a1ceff43514305bf3d0adf9e30ba8007db5ec8349d47f96ff2b216912fc0",
"MacAddress": "02:42:c0:a8:00:03",
"IPv4Address": "192.168.0.3/16",
"IPv6Address": ""
}
},
"Options": {},
"Labels": {}
}
]
启动一个tomcat3使用默认网络docker0
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d -P --name tomcat3 tomcat
90e94ac30a3c61b493d2ea38c32cf5dddb781e88c30547b609db765b15d7d1e0
[root@localhost ~]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE
9b27ff0926bf bridge bridge local
8dfa2efae677 host host local
1abaa8e6a387 mynet bridge local
2025b7fb1d7c none null local
# 查看docker0详细信息 tomcat3出现在默认网络里
[root@localhost ~]# docker network inspect 9b27ff0926bf
[
{
"Name": "bridge",
"Id": "9b27ff0926bf22d0828ccd07d6e14eb17d96a4989f9def6f9118c099cf1ca1c6",
"Created": "2021-05-13T10:51:20.244232273+08:00",
"Scope": "local",
"Driver": "bridge",
"EnableIPv6": false,
"IPAM": {
"Driver": "default",
"Options": null,
"Config": [
{
"Subnet": "172.17.0.0/16",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1"
}
]
},
"Internal": false,
"Attachable": false,
"Ingress": false,
"ConfigFrom": {
"Network": ""
},
"ConfigOnly": false,
"Containers": {
"27766c324de619b24e2ed522d8064c5a4610c8f509ff0aed8fa1719691f01bf1": {
"Name": "tomcat2",
"EndpointID": "de913778ce2d7478e25daca26809aa75c9093c43853d9420c70886fb16741722",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
"IPv4Address": "172.17.0.3/16",
"IPv6Address": ""
},
"90e94ac30a3c61b493d2ea38c32cf5dddb781e88c30547b609db765b15d7d1e0": {
"Name": "tomcat3",
"EndpointID": "2223e522a0950b846bb7691b31f60bbd88ab3c9b8e71d601a495cce39387b8cc",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:04",
"IPv4Address": "172.17.0.4/16",
"IPv6Address": ""
},
"f78c51961662a1d3558fc8d0d95906b902a7a042f251a60858e72bcfa62e7a08": {
"Name": "tomcat1",
"EndpointID": "59299fdca5497e55dc5a94e408529cc98819b673568720c81aa1c554dff1bbe5",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"IPv4Address": "172.17.0.2/16",
"IPv6Address": ""
}
},
"Options": {
"com.docker.network.bridge.default_bridge": "true",
"com.docker.network.bridge.enable_icc": "true",
"com.docker.network.bridge.enable_ip_masquerade": "true",
"com.docker.network.bridge.host_binding_ipv4": "0.0.0.0",
"com.docker.network.bridge.name": "docker0",
"com.docker.network.driver.mtu": "1500"
},
"Labels": {}
}
]
tomcat3和mynet不在一个网络，tomcat3无法访问mynet网络里的两个tomcat，可以使用network打通tomcat3和mynetwork，实现双向互相访问（支持容器名称）。
# 查看mynet网络里容器的ip
[root@localhost ~]# docker network inspect mynet
[
{
"Name": "mynet",
"Id": "1abaa8e6a387bc8bbc7ac50d9f2289e96a143a92f074e90f698bd70411c86672",
"Created": "2021-05-13T11:21:13.494039122+08:00",
"Scope": "local",
"Driver": "bridge",
"EnableIPv6": false,
"IPAM": {
"Driver": "default",
"Options": {},
"Config": [
{
"Subnet": "192.168.0.0/16",
"Gateway": "192.168.0.1"
}
]
},
"Internal": false,
"Attachable": false,
"Ingress": false,
"ConfigFrom": {
"Network": ""
},
"ConfigOnly": false,
"Containers": {
"404e4e63622b207af2ed534e768996f4d1cba4c798bba9e5d9b33c42711eaa4a": {
"Name": "tomcat-n-1",
"EndpointID": "b9efbd78daabe9345ade2a2e55291b7646d01679516e2f0be1efd5c2d6fea6b8",
"MacAddress": "02:42:c0:a8:00:02",
"IPv4Address": "192.168.0.2/16",
"IPv6Address": ""
},
"f6352fb3db01beed6ddf17ef84999a4ab209f026a6137b3bc7e35335d434785f": {
"Name": "tomcat-n-2",
"EndpointID": "6b05a1ceff43514305bf3d0adf9e30ba8007db5ec8349d47f96ff2b216912fc0",
"MacAddress": "02:42:c0:a8:00:03",
"IPv4Address": "192.168.0.3/16",
"IPv6Address": ""
}
},
"Options": {},
"Labels": {}
}
]
# tomcat3 ping ip不通
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it tomcat3 ping 192.168.0.2
PING 192.168.0.2 (192.168.0.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
^C
--- 192.168.0.2 ping statistics ---
7 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 11ms
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it tomcat3 ping 192.168.0.3
PING 192.168.0.3 (192.168.0.3) 56(84) bytes of data.
^C
--- 192.168.0.3 ping statistics ---
9 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 20ms
# 使用connect联通一个网络和另外一个网络里的容器，可以互相容器名称访问
[root@localhost ~]# docker network connect --help
Usage: docker network connect [OPTIONS] NETWORK CONTAINER
Connect a container to a network
Options:
--alias strings Add network-scoped alias for the container
--driver-opt strings driver options for the network
--ip string IPv4 address (e.g., 172.30.100.104)
--ip6 string IPv6 address (e.g., 2001:db8::33)
--link list Add link to another container
--link-local-ip strings Add a link-local address for the container
[root@localhost ~]# docker network connect mynet tomcat3
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it tomcat3 ping tomcat-n-1
PING tomcat-n-1 (192.168.0.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from tomcat-n-1.mynet (192.168.0.2): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.235 ms
64 bytes from tomcat-n-1.mynet (192.168.0.2): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.070 ms
64 bytes from tomcat-n-1.mynet (192.168.0.2): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.064 ms
^C
--- tomcat-n-1 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 6ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.064/0.123/0.235/0.079 ms
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it tomcat-n-1 ping tomcat3
PING tomcat3 (192.168.0.4) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from tomcat3.mynet (192.168.0.4): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.055 ms
64 bytes from tomcat3.mynet (192.168.0.4): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.169 ms
64 bytes from tomcat3.mynet (192.168.0.4): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.194 ms
^C
--- tomcat3 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 6ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.055/0.139/0.194/0.061 ms
以上就是Docker网络原理及自定义网络详细解析的详细内容，更多关于docker网络原理的资料请关注我们其它相关文章！
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